CRREM Library /Worked Examples Library · 2026-Q2 v1.0 · updated 30 Apr 2026 Open-access

04 Worked Examples · The Examples

Worked examples.
Every formula visible.

Four real assets walked through end to end. Inputs, formulas, outputs. Designed as regression-test fixtures for tool builders.

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Worked examples · Asset-level 4 assets · v1.0

Step 6 — misalignment year by asset, projected to 2050

Midtown Tower Office · NY · 7,500 m²
Misaligns 2025
Pacific Plaza Mall Shopping Center · HK · 22,000 m²
Misaligns 2036
Northgate Quarter Mixed-Use · London · 12,000 m²
Misaligns 2036
Tokyo Logistics Park Warehouse · Tokyo · 15,000 m²
Misaligns 2032

Walkthrough video

Worked examples

Four assets, walked through end-to-end

Each example applies the Assessment Guide's asset-level steps to a real building. Inputs, formulas, and outputs are visible. Switch between assets to compare how the methodology applies to each.

New to this? You’re in the right place.

Energy Use Intensity (EUI) is a building’s annual energy use divided by its floor area, in kWh/m²/yr. Carbon intensity is its annual CO₂ emissions divided by floor area, in kgCO₂/m²/yr. The walkthroughs below show how to get from raw utility data to both numbers, step by step.

About these examples Read details

The four buildings below are illustrative and do not represent real assets. Results may differ marginally from the legacy CRREM Risk Assessment Tool 2.07 depending on settings and whether HDD/CDD climate normalization was applied. Each asset walks through the same six asset-level steps as the Assessment Guide and Technical Blueprint; the portfolio section below applies the four portfolio-level steps.

User input (blue)

Key output (amber)

01 apartment

Midtown Tower

Office · New York · 10005

warningMisaligned 2025

GIA7,500 m² CI34.9

02 storefront

Pacific Plaza Mall

Shopping Center · Hong Kong

check_circleAligned

GIA22,000 m² CI106.6

03 domain

Northgate Quarter

Mixed-Use · London

check_circleAligned

GIA12,000 m² CI20.2

04 factory

Tokyo Logistics Park

Warehouse · Tokyo · 272-0001

check_circleAligned

GIA15,000 m² CI15.6

apartment

Midtown Tower · Asset 1

A-001 · Office · 7,500 m² · New York 10005 · Reporting year 2024

arrow_outwardOpen in workbook

STEP 01Asset-level data collection

#step-1

Property_Type — Office Must match CRREM property-type taxonomy exactly

GIA m² 7,500 Gross Internal Area, whole-building, excluding indoor parking

Elec_Grid kWh/yr 570,000 Whole-building grid electricity (landlord + tenant)

District_Heating kWh/yr 620,000 Steam delivery from Con Edison

Gas · Oil · Biomass · Renew_Consumed · Renew_Exported kWh/yr 0 All zero for this asset

STEP 02Total energy & EUI

#step-2

Total_Energy kWh/yr 1,190,000 Sum of all carriers including Renew_Consumed; excludes Renew_Exported

EUI = Total_Energy / GIA = 1,190,000 / 7,500 = 158.67 kWh/m²/yr

EUI (2024) kWh/m²/yr 158.67 Key output. Compared against CRREM EUI pathway in Step 5.

STEP 03Match emission factors

#step-3

EF_Electricity (2024) kgCO₂e/kWh 0.237 NY eGRID subregion NYSTc, 2024 row. Declines annually for forward projection.

EF_District_Heating kgCO₂e/kWh 0.20431 Default steam EF. Replace with site-specific Con Edison Steam factor in practice.

STEP 04Calculate carbon intensity

#step-4

CO₂_Elec = Elec_Grid × EF_Elec = 570,000 × 0.237 = 135,121 kgCO₂
CO₂_DH = 620,000 × 0.20431 = 126,672 kgCO₂

Total_CO₂_gross kgCO₂/yr 261,793 Sum across all carriers

Grid_Export_Credit kgCO₂/yr 0 No on-site renewables exported for this asset

Net_CO₂ kgCO₂/yr 261,793 Total gross − export credit

Carbon_Intensity = Net_CO₂ / GIA = 261,793 / 7,500 = 34.91 kgCO₂/m²/yr

Carbon_Intensity (2024) kgCO₂e/m²/yr 34.91 Key output. Compared against CRREM CO₂ pathway in Step 5.

STEP 05Select the CRREM pathway

#step-5

CRREM_Region — NYSTc_Mixed mild_4A ZIP 10005 → NYS eGRID subregion, ASHRAE climate zone 4A. Resolved via ZIP Code Lookup.

CO₂ Pathway (2024) kgCO₂e/m²/yr 35.06 Office pathway for NYSTc_Mixed mild_4A, 2024 value

EUI Pathway (2024) kWh/m²/yr 143.72 EUI pathway for the same region + property type

STEP 06Determine the misalignment year

#step-6

Asset intensity (34.91) is just below the pathway (35.06) in the reporting year. The margin is razor-thin. Because the NY pathway tightens faster than the asset’s carbon intensity falls under grid decarbonization, the two lines cross in 2025 — making 2025 the misalignment year.

Midtown Tower (projected)

CRREM pathway (NYSTc_Mixed mild_4A · Office)

Misalignment point

Misalignment_Year year 2025 Key output. First year the asset’s projected CI exceeds the pathway.

storefront

Pacific Plaza Mall · Asset 2

A-002 · Shopping Center · 22,000 m² · Hong Kong 999077 · Reporting year 2024

arrow_outwardOpen in workbook

STEP 01Asset-level data collection

#step-1

Property_Type — Shopping Center Must match CRREM property-type taxonomy exactly

GIA m² 22,000 Gross Internal Area, whole-building, excluding indoor parking

Elec_Grid kWh/yr 2,800,000 Whole-building grid electricity (landlord + tenant)

Gas kWh/yr 320,000 Food court hot water + backup heat

District_Cooling kWh/yr 2,000,000 Large refrigerated mall. EF reflects CLP/HEC-powered chiller plant

Oil · District_Heating · Biomass · Renew_Consumed · Renew_Exported kWh/yr 0 All zero for this asset

STEP 02Total energy & EUI

#step-2

Total_Energy kWh/yr 5,120,000 Sum of all carriers. District Cooling is counted as delivered energy.

EUI = Total_Energy / GIA = 5,120,000 / 22,000 = 232.73 kWh/m²/yr

EUI (2024) kWh/m²/yr 232.73 Key output. Compared against CRREM EUI pathway in Step 5.

STEP 03Match emission factors

#step-3

EF_Electricity (2024) kgCO₂e/kWh 0.54535 HK grid emission factor, 2024 row

EF_Gas kgCO₂e/kWh 0.18316 Constant combustion EF for natural gas

EF_District_Cooling (DC) kgCO₂e/kWh 0.38000 Representative EF for CLP/HEC-powered chiller plant

STEP 04Calculate carbon intensity

#step-4

CO₂_Elec = Elec_Grid × EF_Elec = 2,800,000 × 0.54535 = 1,526,991 kgCO₂
CO₂_Gas = 320,000 × 0.18316 = 58,611 kgCO₂
CO₂_DC = 2,000,000 × 0.38000 = 760,000 kgCO₂

CO₂_Elec kgCO₂e/yr 1,526,991 Elec_Grid × EF_Electricity

CO₂_Gas kgCO₂e/yr 58,611 Gas × EF_Gas

CO₂_DC kgCO₂e/yr 760,000 District Cooling × EF_DC

Total_CO₂_gross kgCO₂/yr 2,345,602 Sum across all carriers

Grid_Export_Credit kgCO₂/yr 0 No on-site renewables exported for this asset

Net_CO₂ kgCO₂/yr 2,345,602 Total gross − export credit

Carbon_Intensity = Net_CO₂ / GIA = 2,345,602 / 22,000 = 106.62 kgCO₂/m²/yr

Carbon_Intensity (2024) kgCO₂e/m²/yr 106.62 Key output. Compared against CRREM CO₂ pathway in Step 5.

STEP 05Select the CRREM pathway

#step-5

CRREM_Region — HK Hong Kong → CRREM HK region. No sub-national subdivision.

CO₂ Pathway (2024) kgCO₂e/m²/yr 179.62 Shopping Center, HK, 2024 value

EUI Pathway (2024) kWh/m²/yr 340.35 EUI pathway for the same region + property type

STEP 06Determine the misalignment year

#step-6

Asset intensity (106.62) is well below the pathway (179.62) in the reporting year. Asset is aligned in 2024. Forward projection shows the HK pathway falls faster than the asset’s carbon intensity: the two lines cross in 2036, which becomes the asset’s misalignment year.

Pacific Plaza Mall (projected)

CRREM pathway (HK · Shopping Center)

Misalignment point

Misalignment_Year year 2036 Key output. First year the asset’s projected CI exceeds the pathway.

domain

Northgate Quarter · Asset 3

A-003 · Mixed-Use · 12,000 m² · London NW1 8NX · Reporting year 2024

arrow_outwardOpen in workbook

STEP 01Asset-level data collection

#step-1

Property_Type — Mixed Use Must match CRREM property-type taxonomy exactly

MU_Breakdown % GIA 65% Office / 35% Retail High Street Used in Step 5 to blend two CRREM pathways by GIA share

GIA m² 12,000 Gross Internal Area, whole-building, excluding indoor parking

Elec_Grid kWh/yr 1,100,000 Whole-building grid electricity (landlord + tenant)

Gas kWh/yr 480,000 Hot water + space heat

Renew_Consumed kWh/yr 120,000 On-site PV generated and consumed on-site. EF = 0.

Renew_Exported kWh/yr 60,000 Exported to grid. Not in Total_Energy; used only for export credit.

Oil · District_Heating · District_Cooling · Biomass kWh/yr 0 All zero for this asset

STEP 02Total energy & EUI

#step-2

Total_Energy kWh/yr 1,700,000 Sum includes Renew_Consumed (on-site PV used on-site); excludes Renew_Exported.

EUI = Total_Energy / GIA = 1,700,000 / 12,000 = 141.67 kWh/m²/yr

EUI (2024) kWh/m²/yr 141.67 Key output. Compared against CRREM EUI pathway in Step 5.

STEP 03Match emission factors

#step-3

EF_Electricity (2024) kgCO₂e/kWh 0.14850 UK grid emission factor, 2024 row

EF_Gas kgCO₂e/kWh 0.18316 Constant combustion EF for natural gas

EF_On-site Renewables kgCO₂e/kWh 0 Always 0 by CRREM definition

STEP 04Calculate carbon intensity

#step-4

CO₂_Elec = Elec_Grid × EF_Elec = 1,100,000 × 0.14850 = 163,351 kgCO₂
CO₂_Gas = 480,000 × 0.18316 = 87,917 kgCO₂

CO₂_Elec kgCO₂e/yr 163,351 Elec_Grid × EF_Electricity

CO₂_Gas kgCO₂e/yr 87,917 Gas × EF_Gas

CO₂_Renew kgCO₂e/yr 0 On-site renewables consumed on-site. EF = 0.

Total_CO₂_gross kgCO₂/yr 251,268 Sum across all carriers

Grid_Export_Credit kgCO₂/yr 8,910 Renew_Exported 60,000 × 0.14850 = 8,910. Cap = MIN(8,910, CO₂_Elec 163,351) → 8,910.

Net_CO₂ kgCO₂/yr 242,358 Total gross − export credit

Carbon_Intensity = Net_CO₂ / GIA = 242,358 / 12,000 = 20.20 kgCO₂/m²/yr

Carbon_Intensity (2024) kgCO₂e/m²/yr 20.20 Key output. Compared against CRREM CO₂ pathway in Step 5.

STEP 05Select the CRREM pathway

#step-5

CRREM_Region — UK London → UK CRREM region.

CO₂ Pathway: Office, UK (2024) kgCO₂e/m²/yr 35.689 Weight 65% of GIA

CO₂ Pathway: Retail High Street, UK (2024) kgCO₂e/m²/yr 42.365 Weight 35% of GIA

CO₂_Pathway_blended = 0.65 × 35.689 + 0.35 × 42.365 = 38.026 kgCO₂/m²/yr

CO₂ Pathway (2024) kgCO₂e/m²/yr 38.03 Mixed-Use UK (65% Office + 35% Retail High Street), 2024 value

EUI Pathway (2024) kWh/m²/yr 190.92 EUI pathway for the same region + property type

STEP 06Determine the misalignment year

#step-6

Asset intensity (20.20) is well below the blended mixed-use pathway (38.03) in the reporting year. Asset is aligned in 2024. The UK pathway tightens steeply; projection shows the asset’s flat-demand carbon intensity crosses the pathway in 2036, which becomes the misalignment year.

Northgate Quarter (projected)

CRREM pathway (UK · Mixed-Use blended)

Misalignment point

Misalignment_Year year 2036 Key output. First year the asset’s projected CI exceeds the pathway.

factory

Tokyo Logistics Park · Asset 4

A-004 · Distribution Warehouse (Warm) · 15,000 m² · Tokyo 272-0001 · Reporting year 2024

arrow_outwardOpen in workbook

STEP 01Asset-level data collection

#step-1

Property_Type — Distribution Warehouse Warm Must match CRREM property-type taxonomy exactly

GIA m² 15,000 Gross Internal Area, whole-building, excluding indoor parking

Elec_Grid kWh/yr 741,000 Whole-building grid electricity. All thermal load served by heat pumps.

Renew_Consumed kWh/yr 100,000 On-site PV generated and consumed on-site. EF = 0.

Renew_Exported kWh/yr 180,000 Exported to grid. Cap applies (see Step 4).

Gas · Oil · District_Heating · District_Cooling · Biomass kWh/yr 0 All zero for this asset

STEP 02Total energy & EUI

#step-2

Total_Energy kWh/yr 841,000 Sum includes Renew_Consumed; excludes Renew_Exported. Heat pump + PV → all-electric operation.

EUI = Total_Energy / GIA = 841,000 / 15,000 = 56.07 kWh/m²/yr

EUI (2024) kWh/m²/yr 56.07 Key output. Compared against CRREM EUI pathway in Step 5.

STEP 03Match emission factors

#step-3

EF_Electricity (2024) kgCO₂e/kWh 0.41673 Japan national grid emission factor, 2024 row

EF_On-site Renewables kgCO₂e/kWh 0 Always 0 by CRREM definition

STEP 04Calculate carbon intensity

#step-4

CO₂_Elec = Elec_Grid × EF_Elec = 741,000 × 0.41673 = 308,795 kgCO₂

CO₂_Elec kgCO₂e/yr 308,795 Elec_Grid × EF_Electricity

CO₂_Renew kgCO₂e/yr 0 On-site renewables consumed on-site. EF = 0.

Total_CO₂_gross kgCO₂/yr 308,795 Sum across all carriers

Grid_Export_Credit kgCO₂/yr 75,011 Renew_Exported 180,000 × 0.41673 = 75,011. Cap = MIN(75,011, CO₂_Elec 308,795) → 75,011 (uncapped).

Net_CO₂ kgCO₂/yr 233,784 Total gross − export credit

Carbon_Intensity = Net_CO₂ / GIA = 233,784 / 15,000 = 15.59 kgCO₂/m²/yr

Carbon_Intensity (2024) kgCO₂e/m²/yr 15.59 Key output. Compared against CRREM CO₂ pathway in Step 5.

STEP 05Select the CRREM pathway

#step-5

CRREM_Region — Japan Japan uses a single national pathway. Postal-code lookup applies only to USA, Canada, and Australia.

CO₂ Pathway (2024) kgCO₂e/m²/yr 33.94 Distribution Warehouse Warm, Japan, 2024 value

EUI Pathway (2024) kWh/m²/yr 92.89 EUI pathway for the same region + property type

STEP 06Determine the misalignment year

#step-6

Asset intensity (15.59) is well below the pathway (33.94) in the reporting year. Asset is aligned in 2024. Because the Japan grid decarbonises slowly while the warehouse pathway tightens steeply, the two lines cross in 2032 — which becomes the asset’s misalignment year.

Tokyo Logistics Park (projected)

CRREM pathway (Japan · Warehouse Warm)

Misalignment point

Misalignment_Year year 2032 Key output. First year the asset’s projected CI exceeds the pathway.

Portfolio-level

Rolling up to portfolio level

The same four assets aggregated by floor-area weight. Each asset contributes in proportion to its GIA. The portfolio pathway is composed from the four per-asset pathways at the same weights.

Four-asset portfolio · GIA-weighted aggregation

Assessment year 2024 · Total GIA 56,500 m²

Asset	GIA (m²)	Weight	EUI	CI	EUI pathway (2024)	CO₂ pathway (2024)
Midtown Tower · Office · NY	7,500	13.3%	158.67	34.91	143.72	35.06
Pacific Plaza Mall · HK	22,000	38.9%	232.7	106.62	340.35	179.62
Northgate Quarter · Mixed · London	12,000	21.2%	141.7	20.20	190.92	38.03
Tokyo Logistics Park · Warehouse · Tokyo	15,000	26.5%	56.07	15.59	92.89	33.94
Portfolio (GIA-weighted)	56,500	100%	156.65	54.58	216.81	91.68

Portfolio EUI (2024)

156.65 kWh/m²/yr

Portfolio Carbon Intensity (2024)

54.58 kgCO₂e/m²/yr

Forward projection to 2050 Energy demand held constant · grid EFs decline annually

Portfolio CI projected (GIA-weighted)

Portfolio CO₂ pathway (GIA-weighted)

Misalignment year (2035)

Software teams

A reference benchmark

A CRREM-aligned tool that reproduces these exact outputs from these exact inputs adheres to the CRREM methodology. Use the values below as regression-test fixtures for an implementation.

Why these numbers

Each asset takes a different path through the calculation steps. A tool that passes all four has validated the carbon-intensity, EUI, grid-export-credit, mixed-use blending, and portfolio-aggregation branches of the methodology.

01 Midtown Tower exercises district heating and the no-export path

02 Pacific Plaza Mall exercises district cooling and gas combustion

03 Northgate Quarter exercises mixed-use property-type blending

04 Tokyo Logistics Park exercises PV export and the grid-electricity cap mechanism

Expected outputs · Reporting year 2024 checklist

Asset	EUI	CI	EUI Misalignment	CO₂ Misalignment
Midtown Tower	158.67	34.91	2024	2025
Pacific Plaza Mall	232.73	106.62	2031	2036
Northgate Quarter	141.67	20.20	2030	2036
Tokyo Logistics Park	56.07	15.59	2030	2032
Portfolio (GIA-weighted)	156.65	54.58	2030	2035

schema

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Four assets + portfolio, flat format for spreadsheet comparison

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Citation

How to reference these examples

CRREM Foundation (2026). CRREM Worked Examples: Asset & Portfolio Reference Implementations v1.0. Amsterdam. crrem.org/library/reference-implementations

Permalink https://crrem.org/library/reference-implementations/v1.0

Companion Technical Blueprint v1.0

Source sheets Asset Level · Portfolio Level Worked Examples

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